Working with State #

// some ordinary POJO
public class WC {
  public String word;
  public int count;

  public String getWord() { return word; }
}
DataStream<WC> words = // [...]
KeyedStream<WC> keyed = words
  .keyBy(WC::getWord);

// some ordinary case class
case class WC(word: String, count: Int)
val words: DataStream[WC] = // [...]
val keyed = words.keyBy( _.word )

words = # type: DataStream[Row]
keyed = words.key_by(lambda row: row[0])

public class CountWindowAverage extends RichFlatMapFunction<Tuple2<Long, Long>, Tuple2<Long, Long>> {

    /**
     * The ValueState handle. The first field is the count, the second field a running sum.
     */
    private transient ValueState<Tuple2<Long, Long>> sum;

    @Override
    public void flatMap(Tuple2<Long, Long> input, Collector<Tuple2<Long, Long>> out) throws Exception {

        // access the state value
        Tuple2<Long, Long> currentSum = sum.value();

        // update the count
        currentSum.f0 += 1;

        // add the second field of the input value
        currentSum.f1 += input.f1;

        // update the state
        sum.update(currentSum);

        // if the count reaches 2, emit the average and clear the state
        if (currentSum.f0 >= 2) {
            out.collect(new Tuple2<>(input.f0, currentSum.f1 / currentSum.f0));
            sum.clear();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void open(Configuration config) {
        ValueStateDescriptor<Tuple2<Long, Long>> descriptor =
                new ValueStateDescriptor<>(
                        "average", // the state name
                        TypeInformation.of(new TypeHint<Tuple2<Long, Long>>() {}), // type information
                        Tuple2.of(0L, 0L)); // default value of the state, if nothing was set
        sum = getRuntimeContext().getState(descriptor);
    }
}

// this can be used in a streaming program like this (assuming we have a StreamExecutionEnvironment env)
env.fromElements(Tuple2.of(1L, 3L), Tuple2.of(1L, 5L), Tuple2.of(1L, 7L), Tuple2.of(1L, 4L), Tuple2.of(1L, 2L))
        .keyBy(value -> value.f0)
        .flatMap(new CountWindowAverage())
        .print();

// the printed output will be (1,4) and (1,5)

class CountWindowAverage extends RichFlatMapFunction[(Long, Long), (Long, Long)] {

  private var sum: ValueState[(Long, Long)] = _

  override def flatMap(input: (Long, Long), out: Collector[(Long, Long)]): Unit = {

    // access the state value
    val tmpCurrentSum = sum.value

    // If it hasn't been used before, it will be null
    val currentSum = if (tmpCurrentSum != null) {
      tmpCurrentSum
    } else {
      (0L, 0L)
    }

    // update the count
    val newSum = (currentSum._1 + 1, currentSum._2 + input._2)

    // update the state
    sum.update(newSum)

    // if the count reaches 2, emit the average and clear the state
    if (newSum._1 >= 2) {
      out.collect((input._1, newSum._2 / newSum._1))
      sum.clear()
    }
  }

  override def open(parameters: Configuration): Unit = {
    sum = getRuntimeContext.getState(
      new ValueStateDescriptor[(Long, Long)]("average", createTypeInformation[(Long, Long)])
    )
  }
}


object ExampleCountWindowAverage extends App {
  val env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment

  env.fromCollection(List(
    (1L, 3L),
    (1L, 5L),
    (1L, 7L),
    (1L, 4L),
    (1L, 2L)
  )).keyBy(_._1)
    .flatMap(new CountWindowAverage())
    .print()
  // the printed output will be (1,4) and (1,5)

  env.execute("ExampleKeyedState")
}

from pyflink.common.typeinfo import Types
from pyflink.datastream import StreamExecutionEnvironment, FlatMapFunction, RuntimeContext
from pyflink.datastream.state import ValueStateDescriptor

class CountWindowAverage(FlatMapFunction):

    def __init__(self):
        self.sum = None

    def open(self, runtime_context: RuntimeContext):
        descriptor = ValueStateDescriptor(
            "average",  # the state name
            Types.PICKLED_BYTE_ARRAY()  # type information
        )
        self.sum = runtime_context.get_state(descriptor)

    def flat_map(self, value):
        # access the state value
        current_sum = self.sum.value()
        if current_sum is None:
            current_sum = (0, 0)

        # update the count
        current_sum = (current_sum[0] + 1, current_sum[1] + value[1])

        # update the state
        self.sum.update(current_sum)

        # if the count reaches 2, emit the average and clear the state
        if current_sum[0] >= 2:
            self.sum.clear()
            yield value[0], int(current_sum[1] / current_sum[0])


env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.get_execution_environment()
env.from_collection([(1, 3), (1, 5), (1, 7), (1, 4), (1, 2)]) \
    .key_by(lambda row: row[0]) \
    .flat_map(CountWindowAverage()) \
    .print()

env.execute()

# the printed output will be (1,4) and (1,5)

import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.StateTtlConfig;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.ValueStateDescriptor;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.time.Time;

StateTtlConfig ttlConfig = StateTtlConfig
    .newBuilder(Time.seconds(1))
    .setUpdateType(StateTtlConfig.UpdateType.OnCreateAndWrite)
    .setStateVisibility(StateTtlConfig.StateVisibility.NeverReturnExpired)
    .build();
    
ValueStateDescriptor<String> stateDescriptor = new ValueStateDescriptor<>("text state", String.class);
stateDescriptor.enableTimeToLive(ttlConfig);

import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.StateTtlConfig
import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.ValueStateDescriptor
import org.apache.flink.api.common.time.Time

val ttlConfig = StateTtlConfig
    .newBuilder(Time.seconds(1))
    .setUpdateType(StateTtlConfig.UpdateType.OnCreateAndWrite)
    .setStateVisibility(StateTtlConfig.StateVisibility.NeverReturnExpired)
    .build
    
val stateDescriptor = new ValueStateDescriptor[String]("text state", classOf[String])
stateDescriptor.enableTimeToLive(ttlConfig)

import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.StateTtlConfig;

StateTtlConfig ttlConfig = StateTtlConfig
    .newBuilder(Time.seconds(1))
    .disableCleanupInBackground()
    .build();

import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.StateTtlConfig

val ttlConfig = StateTtlConfig
    .newBuilder(Time.seconds(1))
    .disableCleanupInBackground
    .build

State TTL 当前在 PyFlink DataStream API 中还不支持。

import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.StateTtlConfig;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.time.Time;

StateTtlConfig ttlConfig = StateTtlConfig
    .newBuilder(Time.seconds(1))
    .cleanupFullSnapshot()
    .build();

import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.StateTtlConfig
import org.apache.flink.api.common.time.Time

val ttlConfig = StateTtlConfig
    .newBuilder(Time.seconds(1))
    .cleanupFullSnapshot
    .build

State TTL 当前在 PyFlink DataStream API 中还不支持。

import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.StateTtlConfig;
 StateTtlConfig ttlConfig = StateTtlConfig
    .newBuilder(Time.seconds(1))
    .cleanupIncrementally(10, true)
    .build();

import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.StateTtlConfig
val ttlConfig = StateTtlConfig
    .newBuilder(Time.seconds(1))
    .cleanupIncrementally(10, true)
    .build

State TTL 当前在 PyFlink DataStream API 中还不支持。

import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.StateTtlConfig;

StateTtlConfig ttlConfig = StateTtlConfig
    .newBuilder(Time.seconds(1))
    .cleanupInRocksdbCompactFilter(1000)
    .build();

import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.StateTtlConfig

val ttlConfig = StateTtlConfig
    .newBuilder(Time.seconds(1))
    .cleanupInRocksdbCompactFilter(1000)
    .build

State TTL 当前在 PyFlink DataStream API 中还不支持。

public class BufferingSink
        implements SinkFunction<Tuple2<String, Integer>>,
                   CheckpointedFunction {

    private final int threshold;

    private transient ListState<Tuple2<String, Integer>> checkpointedState;

    private List<Tuple2<String, Integer>> bufferedElements;

    public BufferingSink(int threshold) {
        this.threshold = threshold;
        this.bufferedElements = new ArrayList<>();
    }

    @Override
    public void invoke(Tuple2<String, Integer> value, Context contex) throws Exception {
        bufferedElements.add(value);
        if (bufferedElements.size() >= threshold) {
            for (Tuple2<String, Integer> element: bufferedElements) {
                // send it to the sink
            }
            bufferedElements.clear();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void snapshotState(FunctionSnapshotContext context) throws Exception {
        checkpointedState.clear();
        for (Tuple2<String, Integer> element : bufferedElements) {
            checkpointedState.add(element);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void initializeState(FunctionInitializationContext context) throws Exception {
        ListStateDescriptor<Tuple2<String, Integer>> descriptor =
            new ListStateDescriptor<>(
                "buffered-elements",
                TypeInformation.of(new TypeHint<Tuple2<String, Integer>>() {}));

        checkpointedState = context.getOperatorStateStore().getListState(descriptor);

        if (context.isRestored()) {
            for (Tuple2<String, Integer> element : checkpointedState.get()) {
                bufferedElements.add(element);
            }
        }
    }
}

class BufferingSink(threshold: Int = 0)
  extends SinkFunction[(String, Int)]
    with CheckpointedFunction {

  @transient
  private var checkpointedState: ListState[(String, Int)] = _

  private val bufferedElements = ListBuffer[(String, Int)]()

  override def invoke(value: (String, Int), context: Context): Unit = {
    bufferedElements += value
    if (bufferedElements.size >= threshold) {
      for (element <- bufferedElements) {
        // send it to the sink
      }
      bufferedElements.clear()
    }
  }

  override def snapshotState(context: FunctionSnapshotContext): Unit = {
    checkpointedState.clear()
    for (element <- bufferedElements) {
      checkpointedState.add(element)
    }
  }

  override def initializeState(context: FunctionInitializationContext): Unit = {
    val descriptor = new ListStateDescriptor[(String, Int)](
      "buffered-elements",
      TypeInformation.of(new TypeHint[(String, Int)]() {})
    )

    checkpointedState = context.getOperatorStateStore.getListState(descriptor)

    if(context.isRestored) {
      for(element <- checkpointedState.get().asScala) {
        bufferedElements += element
      }
    }
  }

}

ListStateDescriptor<Tuple2<String, Integer>> descriptor =
    new ListStateDescriptor<>(
        "buffered-elements",
        TypeInformation.of(new TypeHint<Tuple2<String, Integer>>() {}));

checkpointedState = context.getOperatorStateStore().getListState(descriptor);

val descriptor = new ListStateDescriptor[(String, Long)](
    "buffered-elements",
    TypeInformation.of(new TypeHint[(String, Long)]() {})
)

checkpointedState = context.getOperatorStateStore.getListState(descriptor)

public static class CounterSource
        extends RichParallelSourceFunction<Long>
        implements CheckpointedFunction {

    /**  current offset for exactly once semantics */
    private Long offset = 0L;

    /** flag for job cancellation */
    private volatile boolean isRunning = true;
    
    /** 存储 state 的变量. */
    private ListState<Long> state;
     
    @Override
    public void run(SourceContext<Long> ctx) {
        final Object lock = ctx.getCheckpointLock();

        while (isRunning) {
            // output and state update are atomic
            synchronized (lock) {
                ctx.collect(offset);
                offset += 1;
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void cancel() {
        isRunning = false;
    }

    @Override
    public void initializeState(FunctionInitializationContext context) throws Exception {
        state = context.getOperatorStateStore().getListState(new ListStateDescriptor<>(
            "state",
            LongSerializer.INSTANCE));
            
        // 从我们已保存的状态中恢复 offset 到内存中，在进行任务恢复的时候也会调用此初始化状态的方法
        for (Long l : state.get()) {
            offset = l;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void snapshotState(FunctionSnapshotContext context) throws Exception {
        state.clear();
        state.add(offset);
    }
}

class CounterSource
       extends RichParallelSourceFunction[Long]
       with CheckpointedFunction {

  @volatile
  private var isRunning = true

  private var offset = 0L
  private var state: ListState[Long] = _

  override def run(ctx: SourceFunction.SourceContext[Long]): Unit = {
    val lock = ctx.getCheckpointLock

    while (isRunning) {
      // output and state update are atomic
      lock.synchronized({
        ctx.collect(offset)

        offset += 1
      })
    }
  }

  override def cancel(): Unit = isRunning = false
  
  override def initializeState(context: FunctionInitializationContext): Unit = {
    state = context.getOperatorStateStore.getListState(
      new ListStateDescriptor[Long]("state", classOf[Long]))
      
    for (l <- state.get().asScala) {
      offset = l
    }
  }

  override def snapshotState(context: FunctionSnapshotContext): Unit = {
    state.clear()
    state.add(offset)
  }
}