Elasticsearch 连接器 #
此连接器提供可以向 Elasticsearch 索引请求文档操作的 sinks。 要使用此连接器,请根据 Elasticsearch 的安装版本将以下依赖之一添加到你的项目中:
Elasticsearch 版本 | Maven 依赖 |
---|---|
6.x |
|
7.x |
|
为了在 PyFlink 作业中使用 ,需要添加下列依赖:
Version | PyFlink JAR |
---|---|
flink-connector-elasticsearch6 | Download |
flink-connector-elasticsearch7 | Download |
请注意,流连接器目前不是二进制发行版的一部分。 有关如何将程序和用于集群执行的库一起打包,参考此文档。
安装 Elasticsearch #
Elasticsearch 集群的设置可以参考此文档。
Elasticsearch Sink #
下面的示例展示了如何配置并创建一个 sink:
Elasticsearch 6:
import org.apache.flink.api.common.functions.MapFunction;
import org.apache.flink.connector.elasticsearch.sink.Elasticsearch6SinkBuilder;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStream;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.client.Requests;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
DataStream<String> input = ...;
input.sinkTo(
new Elasticsearch6SinkBuilder<String>()
// 下面的设置使 sink 在接收每个元素之后立即提交,否则这些元素将被缓存起来
.setBulkFlushMaxActions(1)
.setHosts(new HttpHost("127.0.0.1", 9200, "http"))
.setEmitter(
(element, context, indexer) ->
indexer.add(createIndexRequest(element)))
.build());
private static IndexRequest createIndexRequest(String element) {
Map<String, Object> json = new HashMap<>();
json.put("data", element);
return Requests.indexRequest()
.index("my-index")
.type("my-type")
.id(element)
.source(json);
}
Elasticsearch 7:
import org.apache.flink.api.common.functions.MapFunction;
import org.apache.flink.connector.elasticsearch.sink.Elasticsearch7SinkBuilder;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStream;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.client.Requests;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
DataStream<String> input = ...;
input.sinkTo(
new Elasticsearch7SinkBuilder<String>()
// 下面的设置使 sink 在接收每个元素之后立即提交,否则这些元素将被缓存起来
.setBulkFlushMaxActions(1)
.setHosts(new HttpHost("127.0.0.1", 9200, "http"))
.setEmitter(
(element, context, indexer) ->
indexer.add(createIndexRequest(element)))
.build());
private static IndexRequest createIndexRequest(String element) {
Map<String, Object> json = new HashMap<>();
json.put("data", element);
return Requests.indexRequest()
.index("my-index")
.id(element)
.source(json);
}
Elasticsearch 6:
import org.apache.flink.api.connector.sink.SinkWriter
import org.apache.flink.connector.elasticsearch.sink.{Elasticsearch6SinkBuilder, RequestIndexer}
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStream
import org.apache.http.HttpHost
import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexRequest
import org.elasticsearch.client.Requests
val input: DataStream[String] = ...
input.sinkTo(
new Elasticsearch6SinkBuilder[String]
// 下面的设置使 sink 在接收每个元素之后立即提交,否则这些元素将被缓存起来
.setBulkFlushMaxActions(1)
.setHosts(new HttpHost("127.0.0.1", 9200, "http"))
.setEmitter((element: String, context: SinkWriter.Context, indexer: RequestIndexer) =>
indexer.add(createIndexRequest(element)))
.build())
def createIndexRequest(element: (String)): IndexRequest = {
val json = Map(
"data" -> element.asInstanceOf[AnyRef]
)
Requests.indexRequest.index("my-index").source(mapAsJavaMap(json))
}
Elasticsearch 7:
import org.apache.flink.api.connector.sink.SinkWriter
import org.apache.flink.connector.elasticsearch.sink.{Elasticsearch7SinkBuilder, RequestIndexer}
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStream
import org.apache.http.HttpHost
import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexRequest
import org.elasticsearch.client.Requests
val input: DataStream[String] = ...
input.sinkTo(
new Elasticsearch7SinkBuilder[String]
// 下面的设置使 sink 在接收每个元素之后立即提交,否则这些元素将被缓存起来
.setBulkFlushMaxActions(1)
.setHosts(new HttpHost("127.0.0.1", 9200, "http"))
.setEmitter((element: String, context: SinkWriter.Context, indexer: RequestIndexer) =>
indexer.add(createIndexRequest(element)))
.build())
def createIndexRequest(element: (String)): IndexRequest = {
val json = Map(
"data" -> element.asInstanceOf[AnyRef]
)
Requests.indexRequest.index("my-index").`type`("my-type").source(mapAsJavaMap(json))
}
Elasticsearch 6 静态索引:
from pyflink.datastream.connectors.elasticsearch import Elasticsearch6SinkBuilder, ElasticsearchEmitter
env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.get_execution_environment()
env.add_jars(ELASTICSEARCH_SQL_CONNECTOR_PATH)
input = ...
# 下面的 set_bulk_flush_max_actions 使 sink 在接收每个元素之后立即提交,否则这些元素将被缓存起来
es6_sink = Elasticsearch6SinkBuilder() \
.set_bulk_flush_max_actions(1) \
.set_emitter(ElasticsearchEmitter.static_index('foo', 'id', 'bar')) \
.set_hosts(['localhost:9200']) \
.build()
input.sink_to(es6_sink).name('es6 sink')
Elasticsearch 6 动态索引:
from pyflink.datastream.connectors.elasticsearch import Elasticsearch6SinkBuilder, ElasticsearchEmitter
env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.get_execution_environment()
env.add_jars(ELASTICSEARCH_SQL_CONNECTOR_PATH)
input = ...
es_sink = Elasticsearch6SinkBuilder() \
.set_emitter(ElasticsearchEmitter.dynamic_index('name', 'id', 'bar')) \
.set_hosts(['localhost:9200']) \
.build()
input.sink_to(es6_sink).name('es6 dynamic index sink')
Elasticsearch 7 静态索引:
from pyflink.datastream.connectors.elasticsearch import Elasticsearch7SinkBuilder, ElasticsearchEmitter
env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.get_execution_environment()
env.add_jars(ELASTICSEARCH_SQL_CONNECTOR_PATH)
input = ...
# 下面的 set_bulk_flush_max_actions 使 sink 在接收每个元素之后立即提交,否则这些元素将被缓存起来
es7_sink = Elasticsearch7SinkBuilder() \
.set_bulk_flush_max_actions(1) \
.set_emitter(ElasticsearchEmitter.static('foo', 'id')) \
.set_hosts(['localhost:9200']) \
.build()
input.sink_to(es7_sink).name('es7 sink')
Elasticsearch 7 动态索引:
from pyflink.datastream.connectors.elasticsearch import Elasticsearch7SinkBuilder, ElasticsearchEmitter
env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.get_execution_environment()
env.add_jars(ELASTICSEARCH_SQL_CONNECTOR_PATH)
input = ...
es7_sink = Elasticsearch7SinkBuilder() \
.set_emitter(ElasticsearchEmitter.dynamic_index('name', 'id')) \
.set_hosts(['localhost:9200']) \
.build()
input.sink_to(es7_sink).name('es7 dynamic index sink')
需要注意的是,该示例仅演示了对每个传入的元素执行单个索引请求。
通常,ElasticsearchSinkFunction
可用于执行多个不同类型的请求(例如 DeleteRequest
、 UpdateRequest
等)。
在内部,Flink Elasticsearch Sink 的每个并行实例使用一个 BulkProcessor
向集群发送操作请求。
这会在元素批量发送到集群之前进行缓存。
BulkProcessor
一次执行一个批量请求,即不会存在两个并行刷新缓存的操作。
Elasticsearch Sinks 和容错 #
通过启用 Flink checkpoint,Flink Elasticsearch Sink 保证至少一次将操作请求发送到 Elasticsearch 集群。
这是通过在进行 checkpoint 时等待 BulkProcessor
中所有挂起的操作请求来实现。
这有效地保证了在触发 checkpoint 之前所有的请求被 Elasticsearch 成功确认,然后继续处理发送到 sink 的记录。
关于 checkpoint 和容错的更多详细信息,请参见容错文档。
要使用具有容错特性的 Elasticsearch Sinks,需要在执行环境中启用作业拓扑的 checkpoint:
Elasticsearch 6:
final StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
env.enableCheckpointing(5000); // 每 5000 毫秒执行一次 checkpoint
Elasticsearch6SinkBuilder sinkBuilder = new Elasticsearch6SinkBuilder<String>()
.setDeliveryGuarantee(DeliveryGuarantee.AT_LEAST_ONCE)
.setHosts(new HttpHost("127.0.0.1", 9200, "http"))
.setEmitter(
(element, context, indexer) ->
indexer.add(createIndexRequest(element)));
Elasticsearch 7:
final StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
env.enableCheckpointing(5000); // 每 5000 毫秒执行一次 checkpoint
Elasticsearch7SinkBuilder sinkBuilder = new Elasticsearch7SinkBuilder<String>()
.setDeliveryGuarantee(DeliveryGuarantee.AT_LEAST_ONCE)
.setHosts(new HttpHost("127.0.0.1", 9200, "http"))
.setEmitter(
(element, context, indexer) ->
indexer.add(createIndexRequest(element)));
Elasticsearch 6:
val env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment()
env.enableCheckpointing(5000) // 每 5000 毫秒执行一次 checkpoint
val sinkBuilder = new Elasticsearch6SinkBuilder[String]
.setDeliveryGuarantee(DeliveryGuarantee.AT_LEAST_ONCE)
.setHosts(new HttpHost("127.0.0.1", 9200, "http"))
.setEmitter((element: String, context: SinkWriter.Context, indexer: RequestIndexer) =>
indexer.add(createIndexRequest(element)))
Elasticsearch 7:
val env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment()
env.enableCheckpointing(5000) // 每 5000 毫秒执行一次 checkpoint
val sinkBuilder = new Elasticsearch7SinkBuilder[String]
.setDeliveryGuarantee(DeliveryGuarantee.AT_LEAST_ONCE)
.setHosts(new HttpHost("127.0.0.1", 9200, "http"))
.setEmitter((element: String, context: SinkWriter.Context, indexer: RequestIndexer) =>
indexer.add(createIndexRequest(element)))
Elasticsearch 6:
env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.get_execution_environment()
# 每 5000 毫秒执行一次 checkpoint
env.enable_checkpointing(5000)
sink_builder = Elasticsearch6SinkBuilder() \
.set_delivery_guarantee(DeliveryGuarantee.AT_LEAST_ONCE) \
.set_emitter(ElasticsearchEmitter.static_index('foo', 'id', 'bar')) \
.set_hosts(['localhost:9200'])
Elasticsearch 7:
env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.get_execution_environment()
# 每 5000 毫秒执行一次 checkpoint
env.enable_checkpointing(5000)
sink_builder = Elasticsearch7SinkBuilder() \
.set_delivery_guarantee(DeliveryGuarantee.AT_LEAST_ONCE) \
.set_emitter(ElasticsearchEmitter.static_index('foo', 'id')) \
.set_hosts(['localhost:9200'])
Using UpdateRequests with deterministic ids and the upsert method it is possible to achieve exactly-once semantics in Elasticsearch when AT_LEAST_ONCE delivery is configured for the connector.
处理失败的 Elasticsearch 请求 #
Elasticsearch 操作请求可能由于多种原因而失败,包括节点队列容量暂时已满或者要被索引的文档格式错误。 Flink Elasticsearch Sink 允许用户通过通过指定一个退避策略来重试请求。
下面是一个例子:
Elasticsearch 6:
DataStream<String> input = ...;
input.sinkTo(
new Elasticsearch6SinkBuilder<String>()
.setHosts(new HttpHost("127.0.0.1", 9200, "http"))
.setEmitter(
(element, context, indexer) ->
indexer.add(createIndexRequest(element)))
// 这里启用了一个指数退避重试策略,初始延迟为 1000 毫秒且最大重试次数为 5
.setBulkFlushBackoffStrategy(FlushBackoffType.EXPONENTIAL, 5, 1000)
.build());
Elasticsearch 7:
DataStream<String> input = ...;
input.sinkTo(
new Elasticsearch7SinkBuilder<String>()
.setHosts(new HttpHost("127.0.0.1", 9200, "http"))
.setEmitter(
(element, context, indexer) ->
indexer.add(createIndexRequest(element)))
// 这里启用了一个指数退避重试策略,初始延迟为 1000 毫秒且最大重试次数为 5
.setBulkFlushBackoffStrategy(FlushBackoffType.EXPONENTIAL, 5, 1000)
.build());
Elasticsearch 6:
val input: DataStream[String] = ...
input.sinkTo(
new Elasticsearch6SinkBuilder[String]
.setHosts(new HttpHost("127.0.0.1", 9200, "http"))
.setEmitter((element: String, context: SinkWriter.Context, indexer: RequestIndexer) =>
indexer.add(createIndexRequest(element)))
// 这里启用了一个指数退避重试策略,初始延迟为 1000 毫秒且最大重试次数为 5
.setBulkFlushBackoffStrategy(FlushBackoffType.EXPONENTIAL, 5, 1000)
.build())
Elasticsearch 7:
val input: DataStream[String] = ...
input.sinkTo(
new Elasticsearch7SinkBuilder[String]
.setHosts(new HttpHost("127.0.0.1", 9200, "http"))
.setEmitter((element: String, context: SinkWriter.Context, indexer: RequestIndexer) =>
indexer.add(createIndexRequest(element)))
// 这里启用了一个指数退避重试策略,初始延迟为 1000 毫秒且最大重试次数为 5
.setBulkFlushBackoffStrategy(FlushBackoffType.EXPONENTIAL, 5, 1000)
.build())
Elasticsearch 6:
input = ...
# 这里启用了一个指数退避重试策略,初始延迟为 1000 毫秒且最大重试次数为 5
es_sink = Elasticsearch6SinkBuilder() \
.set_bulk_flush_backoff_strategy(FlushBackoffType.CONSTANT, 5, 1000) \
.set_emitter(ElasticsearchEmitter.static_index('foo', 'id', 'bar')) \
.set_hosts(['localhost:9200']) \
.build()
input.sink_to(es_sink).name('es6 sink')
Elasticsearch 7:
input = ...
# 这里启用了一个指数退避重试策略,初始延迟为 1000 毫秒且最大重试次数为 5
es7_sink = Elasticsearch7SinkBuilder() \
.set_bulk_flush_backoff_strategy(FlushBackoffType.EXPONENTIAL, 5, 1000) \
.set_emitter(ElasticsearchEmitter.static_index('foo', 'id')) \
.set_hosts(['localhost:9200']) \
.build()
input.sink_to(es7_sink).name('es7 sink')
上面的示例 sink 重新添加由于资源受限(例如:队列容量已满)而失败的请求。对于其它类型的故障,例如文档格式错误,sink 将会失败。
如若未设置 BulkFlushBackoffStrategy (或者 FlushBackoffType.NONE
),那么任何类型的错误都会导致 sink 失败。
重要提示:在失败时将请求重新添加回内部 BulkProcessor 会导致更长的 checkpoint,因为在进行 checkpoint 时,sink 还需要等待重新添加的请求被刷新。 例如,当使用 FlushBackoffType.EXPONENTIAL 时, checkpoint 会进行等待,直到 Elasticsearch 节点队列有足够的容量来处理所有挂起的请求,或者达到最大重试次数。
配置内部批量处理器 #
通过使用以下在 Elasticsearch6SinkBuilder 中提供的方法,可以进一步配置内部的 BulkProcessor
关于其如何刷新缓存操作请求的行为:
- setBulkFlushMaxActions(int numMaxActions):刷新前最大缓存的操作数。
- setBulkFlushMaxSizeMb(int maxSizeMb):刷新前最大缓存的数据量(以兆字节为单位)。
- setBulkFlushInterval(long intervalMillis):刷新的时间间隔(不论缓存操作的数量或大小如何)。
还支持配置如何对暂时性请求错误进行重试:
- setBulkFlushBackoffStrategy(FlushBackoffType flushBackoffType, int maxRetries, long delayMillis):退避延迟的类型,
CONSTANT
或者EXPONENTIAL
,退避重试次数,退避重试的时间间隔。 对于常量延迟来说,此值是每次重试间的间隔。对于指数延迟来说,此值是延迟的初始值。
可以在此文档找到 Elasticsearch 的更多信息。
将 Elasticsearch 连接器打包到 Uber-Jar 中 #
建议构建一个包含所有依赖的 uber-jar (可执行的 jar),以便更好地执行你的 Flink 程序。 (更多信息参见此文档)。
或者,你可以将连接器的 jar 文件放入 Flink 的 lib/
目录下,使其在全局范围内可用,即可用于所有的作业。